Business & Administration Assesment Level 2 Unit 1

Unit one: Principles of personal responsibilities and working in a business environment Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number.Please note that this Assessment document has 8 pages and is made up of 7 Sections. Name: Michael David Harrison Section 1 – Know the employment rights and responsibilities of the employee and employer 1. Identify four main points that would be included in a contract of employment. If possible, use an example contract to support your answer (feel free to obscure any confidentia l information). The employers name , the date of commencement of employment,main place of work , and the salary wage what would be paid to the employee for the job role. 2a) List three key points of legislation that affect employers in a business nvironment. The three key points of legislation that affect employers in a business environment are: 1. Employment law 2. Competition law 3. Consumer protection 2b) List three key points of legislation that affect employees in a business environment. Three key points of legislation that affect employees in a business environment are: 1. Health and safety 2. Pay and pensions 3. Employment rights and responsibilities 3. Identify a range of places where a person can find information on employment rights and responsibilities. You should identify at least two internal and two external sources of information.A person can find information on employment rights and responsibilities internally by asking line managers, or personnel specialists. and ex ternally by going to local libraries and by legal professionals. 4. Describe how representative bodies can support employees. Representative bodies can support employees by listening to the employees ideas and suggestions what they have , also another kind of support they can give to employees is they are there for the employee if they ever lose there job or are made redundant and can help with any problems with salary, holiday etc.They are there to give the employee extra support if needed by the employee his/herself. 5. Briefly describe employer and employee responsibilities for equality and diversity in a business environment. You should give at least two employer responsibilities and two employee responsibilities. Employers have the responsibility of no discrimination against any applicants when employing them for the job position needed treat colleagues fairly with respect If possible, provide relevant equality and diversity procedures from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer.These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. there was a student who is disabled and he was in a wheelchair on the course i was on for business & retail , , all students and tutors treat him fairly as they did everyone else , he was not treat any differently then anyone else as it did not make him feel like he needed to be treat differently , he liked to think he was capable of things , and he really was and he was very clever. 6. Briefly explain the benefits of making sure equality and diversity procedures are followed in a business environment.Your answer should include one benefit for the employer, one benefit for the employee and one benefit for the overall organisation. Section 2 – Understand the purpose of health, safety and security procedures in a business environment 1. Identify employer and employee responsibilities for health, safety and security. Provide a safe secure place for personal belongings of the employees to be stored provide personal protective equipment if work environment is in a factory/ construction career etc. Ensure work environment is kept clean & tidy to avoid accidents in the workplaceIf a accident occurs while in the workplace, always immediately report it – also record it in the accidents file Have to tell the employer about any health & safety concerns they have that will affect them or others around them Make sure hair is tied back , and no jewellery is worn when working in a catering area / machinery. must provide neccessary health & safety training for traineees/employees If possible, provide relevant health, safety and security policies / documents from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. . Explain the purpose of following health, safety and security procedures in a business environment. To protect the employees, any visitors , customers & clients that come in to the c ompany. The purpose is to protect employees from accidents & illnesses , and to protect the employer from costs associated with accidents and illness 3. Describe three different ways of maintaining a safe and secure business environment. Always make sure all doors are locked , and outdoor fences to the work area are secure , make sure everything is fully secure when leaving the building by setting the security alarmDo not give access to unauthorised people i. e , no name badge etc check fire alarm regularly , make sure everybody at the workplace knows where the designated area is to exit the building if a fire occurs , sound the fire alarm if a fire does take place to immediately warn everybody in the building to evacuate to a safe area, check fire extinguishers annualy by professional fire service workers Section 3 – Understand how to communicate effectively with others 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of different methods of communication. You should include tw o verbal, two non-verbal and two written methods of communication.Methods of communication Description Verbal communication 1. face to face – one on one , or a group discussionconversation 2. speaking on the phone Non-verbal communication1. 2. Written communication1. 2. 2. Using two specific examples, explain how to choose the most appropriate method of communication to meet your needs and the needs of others. 3. Describe at least two ways of actively listening. Look at the speaker directly , with good eye contact , looking them in the eye when been spoken to or when speaking to them yourself. Avoid being distracted by environmental factors.For example, side conversations , noises in the background – such as typing loudly on a keyboard, music from a radio playing , or a loud overheard argument in the workplace, stay focussed on what, and who you are listening to. Be sincerely interested in what the other person is talking about. If you have to state your views, say the m only after you have listened. Section 4 – Understand how to work with and support colleagues 1. Explain the purpose of agreeing standards for your own work. Give at least two reasons. so that you and others around you know what is expected of you in your job roleIf an employee doesn't have a standard of work or unclear then it is difficult for them to know what or how or when they should be doing it. The absence of standards makes it impossible for an employee to effectively monitor their own performance. If work standards don't exist, then things are open to personal interpretation and this can lead to conflicting viewpoints. If some colleagues work to lower standards, it can affect the work of others. Organisation provides a foundation of work standards to ensure everyone knows what is required from them and from people around them.As an employee, we should always make sure that we know exactly the work standards required of you. Uniform standard – clean, press and shirt tuck into the trouser Behavioural standards – acceptable behaviours in the work environment – time keeping or all team members should smile 100% of the time when greeting customers. Setting high standard for your work will ensure that you produce only the best. This will inculcate good work ethics of delivering on quality at all times. 2. Explain the purpose of taking on new challenges and being able to adapt to change at work. There are many reasons for an organisation to change.New manager or adviser, requirements of their guest, introduction of new technologies, system software, working practices, law and legal changes can effect challenges and change at work. For any employee, it is important to take on new challenges and adapt to changes because an organisation will never stays the same. Employee who can adapt and willing to change is more valuable than other who resists changing. Employee who want to advance or built up their career in the organisation mus t take on new challenges and adapt a role with added responsibilities and they will be notice or variation to others who will not change.For those who do not may become redundant, no longer fitting in with the business and in the longer term they can lose their jobs. The purpose of taking on new challenges shall they arise is vital to success. By not challenging oneself, the same pattern of mediocrity or self defeating attitude persists. One cannot grow without moving onto bigger, better, and more challenging ordeals. Thus the benefits are that of self growth opportunities and a gaining of new skills and confidence. 3. Explain the purpose of treating others with honesty and consideration. The purpose of adapting to change is to understand the world is always shifting.There is never a moment where circumstances and situations do not change. The benefits of adapting are great- new situations are not intimidating but opportunities to grow, and with change comes new ways to self discove r and improve. The purpose of treating others with respect, honesty, and consideration is to provide a hospitable environment. One cannot succeed alone- so often the help of others is required to complete an important task. Also, interpersonal relationships aid in self confidence and positive work completion. Getting along with others is also proven to provide mental and physical health benefits.By listening and respecting one another, tasks get done much quicker and with higher quality and care. One's behavior is vital to the workplace because every person plays an important role in the community. One person's negative outlook can disrupt the progress of those around that person. The workplace can immediately become a hostile environment due to the action or attitude of a single person. Ideal types of behavior that display honesty, respect, and consideration are listening to others' ideas and providing thoughtful feedback, being sensitive to the needs of others, seeking a solution that will benefit all, ooperating with coworkers, treating others fairly and with dignity, among many others. Some negative behaviors are belittling coworkers, isolating oneself from the community, ignoring the opinions of others, having a selfish attitude, seeking for self advancement while disregarding the efforts of others, and spreading false information about others are examples among other terrible ways of conducting oneself. Section 5 – Know how to plan own work and be accountable to others 1. Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when completing tasks in a business environment. an help people know what is expected from them and other colleagues dont want to let down employer , prove to them that your the right person for the task , and show them that you can handle the pressure to finish it when given a deadline time/ date if you dont meet a deadline not only will you be affected , it will affect others in the company , and customers / clients 2. Describe two different methods that you can use to plan your own work in a business environment. make a to do list of things to do before starting on your work project / task prioritise the task and your work 3.Describe ways of keeping other people informed about progress and compare their effectiveness. What are the benefits and drawbacks of each approach? Howgozit (Progress report) e-mails sent out periodically are best. Everyone gets notified at once. The hardest part is creating your e-mail distribution list. Also, it creates a written record of your status which is admissible in a court of law, if the need ever arises. everybody is notified immediately at the same time , so no one is unaware of anything have a group meeting to discuss everybodys progess in the work place face to face meetings would be time consuming rawback is a colleague could be absent due to illness, or prior arrangments Section 6 – Understand the purpose of improving own performance in a business en vironment and how to do so 1. Explain the purpose of continuously improving your performance in a business environment. To exceed your limitations. Achieve personal goals. Impress corporate officials. Increase income if on a piece-rate. Self-motivation. Satisfation. 2. Describe at least two ways of improving your performance at work. Where relevant, illustrate your answer with specific examples from your own experience. se feedback given in appraisals – good or bad to improve your work , work with the manager to agree on a plan of action to improve your skills & attributes observe team colleagues, and use feedback given from them to improve your own performance. pertemps example tutor was observed when i attended a work experience week by a lecturer.? 3. Briefly describe at least two different types of career pathways that may be available to you. Entrepreneur – owning my own business Accountancy Marketing Human Resources Economics Section 7 – Understand the typ es of problems that may occur in a business environment and how to deal with them . Identify at least two different types of problems that can occur in a business environment. somebody could be absent delivery not turning up on time or at all not enough time , too many tasks equipment failing, not working not been able to meet a deadline colleagues not listening to instructions provided people not focussed on what they are supposed to be , and therefore making mistakes internet access could not work , leaving emails unreplied, not been able to make video conference calls , not been able to recieve invoices electronically , and not be able to confirm orders requested by a client/ customer 2.Complete the table below by describing at least two specific problems that can occur at work and how they can be dealt with. Typing error on a order form what has been sent to the delivery company , how to deal with it , call them and speak to the appropriate person who can solve the issue right a way , apologise , explain that it was a mistake made by a junior member of staff / trainee ProblemDealing with the problem1. 2. 3. Complete the table below by listing at least two problems you are able to deal with yourself and two problems you would need to refer to others to deal with (and how you would refer these problems). f there was a spillage on the floor , i would deal with it myself and clean it up right away to avoid any accidents taking place affecting myself or any of the other working colleagues if a machine got jammed , i would report it right away to the line manager if working in a factory based workplace Problems I can deal with:Problems I would need to refer to others:How are problems referred to others? 1. 1. 2. 2. Once you have completed all 7 Sections of this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking.

Coffee Consumption in China

China's entry into the WTO on December 11, 2001 accelerated the movement toward a market-oriented economy, open up our new markets for foreigners and invest more into foreign market,which further influences Chinese lifestyle. We can see the change from driving habit to the drinking habit. For example, China has traditionally been a tea-drinking nation. However,the global spread of coffee-houses is touching down in China, with coffee consumption increasing year after year. It is estimated that the number could jump to 400,000 tones by 2012. The large number of consumers, which influences the coffee consumption, are returnees. As the fast pace of globalization in China, the increasing number of Chinese go to study or work abroad each year. When they return to China , they will carry on living in coffee, which they have become accustomed to. Visiting cafes and drinking coffee at breakfast is not a novelty for these consumers. One will find many Starbucks outlet on the streets of China. Foreign ex-pats comprise another proportion of coffee consumers in China. China’s open market has attracted substantial foreign investment, which has led to rapid increase in the number of ex-pats. Shanghai’s official statistics show that the number of Taiwanese living in Shanghai for short periods (at least three months) is estimated at 230,000. The figure is expected to increase each year. Ex-pats are at the high-end of coffee consumption and are also regular patrons of cafes. It is reported that Westerners and businessmen from Hong Kong and Taiwan represent 30% of customers at chained cafes. (1) A unique aspect of coffee usage in China is that coffee beans are also used as a medicine to treat chornic disoders such as cirrhosis of liver and gallstones. Since the Chinese have realized the medicinal value of coffee and more research is being done to produce medicines, the import of coffee beans from Brazil and Ethiopia has grown manifold in the last couple of year.

Managing and Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Essay

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which the body’s capacity to make use of glucose, fat and protein is disturbed due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. It is a hormone secreted from pancreas that helps glucose from food to enter the body’s cells where it is transformed into energy required by muscles and tissues to function. Diabetes is caused either because the pancreas does not secrete adequate insulin, or because cells do not react to the insulin that is produced. Due to this reason, an individual with diabetes does not take up glucose appropriately and glucose continues circulating in the blood (hyperglycaemia) harming tissues over time. This damage leads to acute health complications. The classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus are, Polyuria ,Polydipsia ,Polyphagia ,lethargy and weight loss. There are many causes for high blood glucose levels in the body and so a number of types of diabetes exist. Diabetes mellitus occur throughout the world. Based on the study conducted by IDF, the number of diabetics on earth stands at 365 million nearly 8. 5% of the global population. It is more widespread in the more developed countries. The greatest raise in incidence is, however, expected to happen in Africa and Asia, where majority of the diabetes patients will most likely be found by 2030. Diabetes mellitus is categorised into four broad groups: Type 1, Type 2, Gestational diabetes & â€Å"other specific types†. Scientists in US have found a Type 3 diabetes, it is still continuing further study. Type 1 diabetes is absolute insulin deficiency usually affects children and young adults. Type 2 Diabetes is an insidious progressive disease that is often diagnosed late when complication are present. Dunning (2004) described it as a long term complication with neuropathy, cardiovascular disease and retinopathy. It is a universal metabolic disorder affecting more than 2 million people in the United Kingdom and up to 750,000 more are expected to have it without knowing they do. Studies conducted show that 80% of population affected by diabetes live in developing and underdeveloped countries and the majority of people with diabetes is between 40 to 59 years of age. It is also estimated that 183 million people (50%) with diabetes are undiagnosed. It is noticed that Diabetes caused 4. million deaths in 2011 and caused sharp increase in medical expenditure. I am a staff nurse working in the cardiac ward and we often receive patients with cardiac problems as a long term complication of type 2 diabetes. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of hospital admission and mortality in people with diabetes. Most of them are not diagnosed until they are admitted. During the course of this study the medical history and care and treatment provided to a patient named Mr M Davies who was admitted in my ward is chosen to learn about managing and reducing cardiovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes. In 1998 UKPDS pointed out the importance of reducing lipids blood pressure and blood Glucose to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension leads to thicker, less elastic blood vessel walls and increase the strain on the heart. Studies indicated that there is a linear correlation between the diastolic blood pressure and the eventual outcome of type 2 diabetes. Standl & Schnell (2000) pointed out that as a result of ischemia-induced remodelling subtle changes occur in the heart and the effects of hyperglycaemia on the endothelium of large blood vessels that causes heart to failure. Mr M Davies (Mr.  MD) is a 61-year-old pensioner with a 4 years history of type 2 diabetes. He was diagnosed in 2008 and he had symptoms of hyperglycaemia for 2 years before diagnosis. His fasting blood glucose records indicated values of 6–7 mmol/L, which were explained to him as symptomatic of â€Å"borderline diabetes. † During the preliminary diagnosis, he was advised to reduce weight (â€Å"at least 10 lb. †), but no further action was taken. Other medical problems include obesity and hypertension. He was admitted in the ward with recurrent chest pain. (Appendix 1) This assignment is about managing and reducing cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heart disease is well acknowledged as a chronic problem of diabetes, and is the major reason of morbidity and mortality in patients from middle-age onwards. Type 2 diabetes is associated at the onset with risk factors for heart disease such as hypertension and obesity, raising the question of whether diabetes is the independent risk factor for heart disease. In 2001 Morrish et al pointed out that the majority of cardiovascular deaths are specifically due to heart disease and this is supported by Fisher, Miles, (2008) commenting that heart disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality at young as well as older ages. Butler (1997) said that increased life expectancy has led to an increase in the number of people over 65 years of in both the developed and developing worlds. Marso (2003) pointed out that due to the clear association between age and the development diabetes, this increase in the number of older individuals in the population will inevitably contribute to the increased prevalence of diabetes. Watkins (2008) mentioned that Type 2 diabetes is a disease of relative prosperity, prosperity leads to overweight and physical indolence. Insulin resistance, increasing with obesity, associated with progressive failure of insulin secretion in relation to ageing underlies the development of diabetes. It is anticipated that by 2025 the number of people with type 2 diabetes will be around 380 million and people with impaired glucose tolerance will be around 418 million. Diabetes is the foremost global cause of premature mortality that is broadly underestimated, because only a few among the diabetic patients die from reasons uniquely related to the condition. Nearly one half of type 2 diabetes patients die prematurely of a cardiovascular reason and approximately 10% die of renal failure. Diabetes is a condition that required to be managed every day. The management of Diabetes can refer to dealing with short term measures like high and low blood sugar to regulating it over the long term for instance by attaining to grips with knowing the condition. All patients with Type 2 diabetes require active dietary management throughout their disease. Watkins (2008) pointed out that weight loss in the obese is extremely valuable but is separate from dietary manipulations to control blood glucose. Treatment typically includes diet control, exercise, monitoring blood sugar at home, and in some cases, oral medication and/or taking insulin. Based on the type diabetes medicines are classified into different groups and each category of diabetes pills functions differently. Commonly used medicines to control diabetes are Sulfonylureas, Thiazolidinediones, Biguanides, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, Meglitinides and, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Sulfonylureas reduce blood sugar by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin. Sulfonylureas medicines like Glimeperide, Gliclazide,. Biguanides improve insulin’s capacity to transfer sugar into cells particularly into the muscle cells. They also stop the liver from releasing stored sugar. Biguanides are not advised to be used in people who have heart failure or kidney damage. Biguanides medicines such as Metformin. Thiazolidinediones like Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone enhances effectiveness of insulin in muscle and in fat tissue. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, such as Precose (acarbose) and Glyset (miglitol) prevent enzymes that help digest starches, reducing the rise in blood sugar. These medicines may cause diarrhea or gas. They can decrease hemoglobin A1c by 0. 5%-1%. Meglitinides, like Prandin (repaglinide) and Starlix (nateglinide) reduces blood sugar level by stimulating the pancreas to secreate more insulin. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, such as Januvia (sitagliptin), Onglyza (saxagliptin), and Tradjenta (linagliptin) lowers blood sugar level in patients with type 2 diabetes by accelerating insulin secretion from the pancreas and lowering sugar production. The case history of Mr. MD indicated that he was advised to manage blood sugar level by diet control and regular exercise. It was also advised to take metformin 1000mg twice a day when diet and exercise are not enough to manage blood sugar level. The history showed that Mr. MD was non-compliance with any of these. On admission his random blood sugar was 20 mmol/L. As he was unable to tolerate oral intake due to nausea and chest pain, GKI was commenced for a day to control his blood sugar. On second day his blood sugar level was controlled and he started eating and drinking normally. Mr MD was referred to diabetic specialist nurse and dietician . Diabetic specialist nurse advised to stop GKI and advised to start OHA. Mr. MD commenced on metformin 1000mg three times a day (Learning outcome 1). Metformin has long been accepted as a appropriate first-line choice of oral medicine for Type 2 diabetes as it is the only oral hypoglycaemic agent related with no weight gain or even weight reduction. They decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis, boost peripheral glucose uptake and also lower the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut lumen. Because metformin functions on insulin sensitivity and with only endogenous glucose stimulated insulin secretion, it virtually never causes hypoglycaemia on its own and patients using it with diet and exercise do not need routinely to self-monitor blood glucose. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS, 2002) demonstrated a significant survival advantage for Type 2 patients started on metformin as first-line therapy, with less cardiovascular mortality, although it should be noted that they only used the drug in obese patients. Obesity is a worldwide problem. Barnett (2009) pointed out that obesity and overweight are independent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Various studies reveal that obesity is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor across world’s populations. Risk of morbidity and mortality begins to increase at body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m 2 and the risk raises sharply at BMI >30 kg/m 2. Each kilogram of weight put on from the age of 18 years was linked with 3. 1% higher risk of cardiovascular disease. In 1998 Gunnell observed that over weight in adolescence is a forecaster of these dangers in adulthood . These finding were supported by Must in 1992,who explained that this increased risk extends to overweight children and adolescents, who may be at risk of premature cardiovascular morbidity and death. The mechanism by which obesity causes increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is attributed to associated co-morbidities and risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The co-occurrence of some or all of these risk factors along with obesity is termed the cardiometabolic syndrome. On examination it was noticed that Mr.  MD has a high BMI (30. 9). West (2007). Suggested that addressing obesity is an essential aspect of managing diabetes, because type2 diabetes and many other health problems coexist. However it is important to consider the individual’s specific nutritional needs rather than just providing them with a ‘weight loss plan,’ ‘diabetic diet,’ a ‘standard meal plan or information about healthy eating. ’ Mr. MD was referred to the dietician. Dietician gave dietary advice and educated about importance of weight management by diet and regular exercise. He was advised to avoid take-away foods, reduce alcohol consumption and taking balanced food to prevent hypo and hyper glycaemia (Learning outcome 1).. Hypertension-Prevention & Management is very important in the management of metabolic diseases. In 1985 Modan et al pointed out that there is a strong relationship between high blood pressure and insulin resistance. This findings is supported by Reaven, (1999) . He said that the prevalence of insulin resistance in hypertension has been estimated at 50%. Scheen, (2004) proposed several possible mechanisms for this. Coutinho et al. (1999) said that impaired fasting blood glucose is related with high cardiovascular risk particularly if accompanied by hypertension. Henry et al. , (2002) said that in people with diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk is increased two to fourfold compared with those with normal glucose tolerance. This was supported by the study conducted by Heffner et al. , (1998) who said that diabetic people without past history of myocardial infarction may have as high a risk of myocardial infarction as non-diabetic patients with a history of previous myocardial infarction. Non-pharmacological interventions are cheap than pharmacological interventions and have no known dangerous effects. A range of lifestyle changes reduce blood pressure and the occurrence of hypertension. Non-pharmacological interventions such as weight loss in the overweight, exercise programmes, limiting alcohol intake and a diet with increased fruit and vegetables and limited saturated fat content, minimising dietary sodium consumption and increased dietary potassium intake. From the medical history of Mr MD it is noticed that he was taking Ramipril 5 mg/day and bisoprolol2. mg/daily. It is established that where non-pharmacological interventions are not enough to achieve the objectives then Pharmacological interventions are required. Several drug treatments are of proven value in minimising cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes and hypertension. Low-dose aspirin is suggested in diabetes whether or not there is evidence of large vessel disease. Williams et al. , (2004) noticed that the British Hypertension Society recommends 75 mg of aspirin for all with hypertension and diabetes, unless contraindicated. Antihypertensive therapy diminishes the risk of macrovascular complications by around 20%. Reducing blood pressure reduces progression of retinopathy, albuminuria and progression to nephropathy. Staessen et al. , (1997) observed that clinical trials with ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers have demonstrated benefit of treatment of hypertension in type 2 diabetes (Learning outcome 1).. On admission blood pressure level of Mr MD was very high. He was recommended treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Consultant prescribed Losartan 100 mg/day and increased ACE inhibitor (ramipril 10 mg/day) and beta-blocker (bisoprolol 5 mg/dayl). Studies show that treatment with ramipril in addition to standard therapy minimised combined myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death by about 25% and stroke by 33% compared with placebo plus conventional methods. This was supported by Sowers and Haffner, (2002) saying that almost all patients with hypertension and diabetes require combinations of blood pressure reducing drugs to attain the recommended blood pressure targets. During the treatment Mr. MD was advised non-pharmacological methods of blood pressure management and importance of diet control and referred to cardiac rehabilitation for regular exercise. Management of high cholesterol plays an important role in the management of diabetes. Lipid abnormalities are common in type 2 diabetes and can be broadly categorized into two groups: those that are common to the general population, for example elevated total and LDL cholesterol; and additional diabetes-related abnormalities, for example elevated triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol. Current US and European guidelines emphasize reducing LDL-C level to less than 100 mg/dL (2. 59 mmol/L). To reduce the cholesterol Mr. MD was undergone intensive lipid-lowering treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg/day. Dietary therapy was also a part of the treatment which was found effective to lower Lipids. Interventions to stabilize lipids in order to decrease the risk of CVD are warranted in people with type 2 diabetes. Both Fibrates and Statins improve lipid profiles in people with diabetes. Many studies have established the safety and effectiveness of the fibrates (gemfibrozil, bezofibrate, fenofibrate) in diabetes. Fibrates stimulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a, changing the expression of a number of enzymes that regulate lipid metabolism, including lipoprotein lipase. Statins inhibit hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, which is rate restrictive in cholesterol production. Another major strategy in the management diabetes is lifestyle interventions. Lifestyle interventions can progress lipid levels. Studies conducted on weight loss and lipids in type 2 diabetes have varied greatly as to the study diet, design and duration. A Meta-analysis of 89 studies and 1800 subjects with type 2 diabetes reported that a weight loss of 5% or greater reduced triglyceride levels by 10 ±40% and total cholesterol by 5 ±15%. These effects were greatest with very low-calorie diets, and the effects were seen in studies up to 6 months. A variety of diets can alter the lipid profile in people with type 2 diabetes. The organisation of diabetes care is very important in the long term management of diabetes care. Diabetes is the significant disease confronting the United Kingdom’s (UK) health care system. As a result, understanding how best to manage diabetes facilities is an important area if the health system is going to deal with the growth in both the demand for and cost of diabetes treatment. Care should be planed at reducing symptoms and minimizing the danger of long-term problems. It is pointed out that a proper balance of glucose and other cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, inactive lifestyle, dyslipidaemia and obesity is very crucial (UKPDS, 2002) in the organisation care of diabetes.

Homeless Symposium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homeless Symposium - Essay Example Poor people are not able to pay for housing, and the situation is caused by the increased lack of employment opportunities and a decline in public assistance. Inadequate housing facilities have led to homelessness, as the available housing is too expensive thereby becoming unaffordable to the low- income households. Most women have run away from domestic violence together with their children leading them to homeless housing. Many families have ended in homelessness because of lack of affordable health care. The elderly poor individuals have landed in homeless apartments as their health decline and lack of public assistance increases. Drug abuse especially among the youths has made it possible for them to run away to homelessness as the society acts against their behavior. Homelessness in Indiana has adversely affected families and children in substantial levels. The trends depicted in national levels are trickling down to the local levels. Indiana has been ranked 24th in the number of homeless children in the entire nation. Moreover, Indiana has the high rates on the child homelessness making it 29th in the national ranking according to the National Homeless data. According to the national homeless data, in Evansville and its surrounding areas, more than 400 people are homeless of who one third of them are children. In these locales, at least 120 families are homeless daily. During the census of 2000, Evansville and its environs recorded the highest percent of homeless individuals per capita as compared to the numbers in the Indian county. Access to care that provides financial assistance to the target group would prevent them from eviction and will bolster public assistance thus enabling people to live with others. Access to care will enable a person to afford a rent of $ 457 per month if his or her wage earnings are at 30% Area Meridian Income (AMI). In Evansville and its

Three Ways That Create Value for a Firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three Ways That Create Value for a Firm - Essay Example It is not merely identifying a product but as Durkin (1997) states innovative firms make investments in knowledge to develop new products which give them a monopoly in the international market. The second contention is on the resource-based theory (RBT) of the firm where rare and valuable resources give it a sustainable competitive advantage (Peteraf & Wernerfelt cited by Bowman & Ambrosini, 2000) while the third approach states that firms should be able to seize opportunities faster than other firms and gain value. The first approach pertains to product and industry innovation while the third concentrates on strategy innovation. The knowledge development in the first approach again would imply investments in resources – technical or human. Hence, all three approaches are not independent of each other although each has its own distinctive features. The positional approach is also based on Porter’s theory of five competitive forces which determine the firm’s profitability and attractiveness (Porter, 1985). The journal does not specify whether the industry and value of such firms relate to competitiveness in their own nation or the nation where products have been marketed. Pharmaceutical industries operate globally and hence this aspect is not clear whereas Porter insists that competitiveness and productivity pertain to national productivity, which should enhance the value of the firm in the nation in which it operates (Davies & Ellis, 2000). Resources can be defined as anything that gives advantage or disadvantage to the firm. (Mills et al, 2003). The support theory of Johnson et al (2005) divides the resources as threshold resources and unique resources, where threshold resource satisfies customer’s minimum requirements and unique resources contribute to competitive advantage and make it difficult for the competitor to copy the value. A successful business needs to secure the resources according to Scott et al (2005) which the journal specifies

Strategic finance and accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic finance and accounting - Essay Example For one reason, mergers are undertaken so as to increase the growth rate of the organization. For this case, the chairman’s statement means that, through the merger, a stronger organization with a stronger financial base to acquire more and better assets and improve the management condition will be formed. In this light, with good management, when a new team of management personnel will be put in place, the chairman is visionary that the newly formed organization will be able to provide better services to the passengers at affordable prices as well as make better profits. Through the merger, there is reduction in competition that was there before between the two firms, and this can make the shareholders now run a more profitable business. The staff will also enjoy since new management comes with new management systems so that, the former problems that were being experienced earlier, must be sorted before the merger takes place. For instance, there has been a cabin crew dispute and strike in the airlines, which will be solved by the merger (TheGuardian, 2010). Therefore, the merger is compelling since it has several advantages, strategic in terms of tax benefits and reduction of competition and financial logic as it brings finances together for investing and improving the face of the new organization to result to better management, customer service and good profits. Considering a recent example of a merger between two cement companies; Lafarge and Holcim, the two companies had an intention of coming together to create the world’s biggest cement maker with combined sales of 32 billion pounds. The merger was aimed also at reducing competition which has made the two firms become the biggest rivals in the

The Use Of Arched And Vaulted Forms In Architecture Has Occasioned The Essay

The Use Of Arched And Vaulted Forms In Architecture Has Occasioned The Development - Essay Example The iconic architectural figure of this time is the Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Craven, 2003). Analysing the design of the hanging gardens, the material used to construct the building mainly consists of bricks piled up all together; forming a relatively quadrilateral form of figure. Arches can be seen in the gates of it. At the same time, it can be considered that the vaults are still not existent. Regular ceilings have been common for this kind of design. Nevertheless, one cannot deny that the Near East architecture, as exemplified by the Hanging Gardens, can be considered to be one of the foundations of developments in architecture. Egypt has been commonly known as one of the most powerful empires back then and almost started in the same way as the civilizations that boomed in the Fertile Crescent. In Egypt, during the flourish of its civilization, they have been able to develop architectural style of their own. One of the key architectural edifices that have used vaults is the Tom b of Amenemhet in Bani Hasan in Middle Egypt (Bleiberg 2005, p. 43). This is where the architraves are used to show vaults and arches inside the mausoleum of the king’s deathbed (Bleiberg 2005, p. 43). However, one cannot disregard the pyramids even if they have not been design arches. Simple technology is present for the Egyptians during the time that they have initiated the construction of these architectural edifices (Bleiberg 2005, p. 6). Given the same technological condition, the Egyptians are still using rocks formed in a quadrilateral shape and piled up altogether to create an architectural complex. It can be inferred that same building technology and material sources can be found in the two architectural timeframes. Ancient European Architecture is where the Classical Age of architecture boomed as stylistic standards have changed due to possible strong socio – political structure of the societies that promulgated the said art forms. This period is considered t o be one that is rich when it comes to development because of the pattern developed during the timeframe of this period. This period encompasses several architectural traditions and designs. This part of the paper shall focus on the following architectural conventions which includes the Greek Order of Architecture, the Early and Imperial Roman Architecture, the Byzantine, and the Romanesque Architecture styles. This is where the Classical Architecture plays a crucial role in the development of designs. There are Greek orders when it comes to the design of the columns for the temples structured for their deities. Doric columnar is the simplest of the forms and emerged as the first and basic form of design (Evans 2005, p. 5). The Ionic became the second one that focuses on ornamentations with the columnar while the Corinthian is last level of design the ornamentations are more elaborate, encompassing almost the Hellenistic period of Greece (Evans 2005, p. 5). During this period, not m uch concern can be placed on the use of arches but the roofing is designed accordingly to perfection. In terms of materials, marble and sandstones replaced the rocky structures that the two aforementioned architectural styles. At the same time, Hellenic and Hellenistic Architecture differs in terms of the ornamentation and style. It can be considered that Hellenic has been focused on a form while Hellenistic is

States have used Responsibility to protect as a reason not to act Essay

States have used Responsibility to protect as a reason not to act rather than a reason to act. Discuss - Essay Example mple, the Americans used their own troops to attack Afghanistan in October 2001 and Iraq on March 2003.The principle of the state responsibility to protect is a norm and military interventions are the last resort and permission from the United Nations Security Assembly is a requisite before use of force. In this article, I will define the meaning of responsibility to protect and will discuss the state’s responsibility to protect norm by providing instances where the states used international organizations to advance this norm. I will also provide instances where the state failed to effectively intervene. I will analyze the states responsibility to protect role in view of Bosnia and Darfur Sudan as well as the impacts of their actions, for example intervention as in the case of Bosnia and limited or lack of it in the case of Darfur. This article will equally analyze the notion of legitimacy in the intervention of states in pursuit of their responsibility to protect role and it will answer the following questions: If a state is a failed state, and is unable to protect its citizens from the above crimes and peaceful measures are not working, then the international community has an obligation to prevent such crimes through diplomacy or coercive means. In September 2000, The Norm of Responsibility to Protect got a major boost from the Canadian Government. The Commission on States Sovereignty and Intervention, formed by the Canadian Government released its report on December 2001. The report noted that the Global Community has a responsibility to prevent mass atrocities by using diplomatic means or a more coercive means and use of military interventions should be as a last resort. Security should be emphasized while enforcing this role and justice should be carried out to victims of mass atrocities. The African Union, in its founding charter observed the fact that the global community has a duty to intervene in crisis situations if states cannot provide security

Native American Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Native American Culture - Term Paper Example Native Americans wanted to control the environment and the human being or the supernatural beings that surrounded or threatened them. Particular articles were solely for religious uses, and some were for secular needs alone. Decorations did not always provide clues as to their uses; most of the religious articles were completely devoid of ornamentation. A few people used plain-ware bowls for food preparation, while others used polychrome bowls for the same purposes, yet under a different set of circumstances they could fulfill a religious function (Kuiper 176). The specific aim of the Indian artist was not just to set down realistic account but to form the semi-magical designs so universal in the art of non-Western cultures. Carvings paintings, effigies, or realistic portraits were not merely pictures of people or objects; they embodied the essence of that particular subjects as well. Native Americans often attached names to designs for convenience of people as it helped to avoid con fusion. Although the dissimilarities between the artistic languages of different times were immense, there were also similarities, for the borrowing of art forms from distant and occasionally foreign peoples was a common practice (Kuiper 181). Despite the similarities between the art of forms of different cultural groups and various cultural groups and dissimilar times, one cannot talk of Indian art as though it were on its own a concept. Just as there were numerous hundred native languages, dialects, and speech forms, so were there an equal number of tribal styles, motifs, and design forms. Aesthetics, or perceptions of beauty are among the most difficult concepts to identity in any Native American musical culture. Native Americans tended to evaluate performances according to the feelings of connectedness they generate rather than according to specifically musical qualities. Some communities judged the victory of a performance by how many people

Managing Financial Risks Within Event Industry Essay

Managing Financial Risks Within Event Industry - Essay Example The methodology revolved around a survey of past and recent literature on financial risk management in the event industry. The study found out that cost-cutting measures and strategic investment are key strategies that feature in many of the risk management methods in literature. Introduction The element of risk in the event industry is one of the factors that continue to attract the concern of managers, financial analysts, and financial managers. The industry is one of the most challenging in the sense that it concerns itself with fluid and flexible systems that are dependent on uncertain realities in the field of investment (Robinson, Wale, & Dickson, 2010). As such, the event industry has a higher element of risk when compared to the other industries. Many companies have suffered significant losses, drops in financial positions, and even permanent closures due to the unpredictable and risky aspects of the industry (Raj, & Musgrave, 2009). The element of risk arises due to multiple factors including hostile operating environments, rising costs of logistics, changing preferences of the clients, and adverse regulatory practices (Pelham, 2011). In order to shield themselves against the adverse effects of the global markets, many players in the industry have devised various financial management strategies that range from cost-cutting measures to enhancement of the efficiency of processes within the industry. Some of the financial management strategies have proved highly effective while others fail to produce significant results in terms of reducing the element of risk (O'Toole, 2002). However, the dominant methods of risk management are related to the need to develop both long term and short term strategies that can help revamp the state of the economy in ways that are both effective and strategic (Robinson, Wale, & Dickson, 2010). The methods employed by the different companies often serve as the competitive advantage as they enable the companies to operate at h igher levels of profitability in ways that safeguard against negative effects on the business environment (Anderson, 2010). As such it becomes necessary to regard the operations of these companies within the manner in which they enable the determination of value and other systems of performance. Renowned companies in the event industry such as 3D Exhibits, Aspen, BroadStreet, Event Marketing Strategies, and EWI World Wide have managed to survive adverse market conditions through a range of strategies that enhance and strengthen their internal systems. In order to survive inflationary pressures and the effects of competition, some companies have changed their ways of operation by diversifying into various fields. Companies have added the range of services as a way of increasing the flow of revenues while reducing the overheads incurred in the running of the business processes (Robinson, Wale, & Dickson, 2010). As such, it becomes important to consider the fact that most of the strate gies connected with the objective of lessening the element of risk are determined in accordance with the type of the event company. Other determinants are the level of competition, the nature of the market, and other external and internal factors that relate to the determination of performance within the industry (Robinson, Wale,

Online Education Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online Education Theory - Essay Example Bullen and Janes (2007) reckon that institutions of higher education around the world are now appreciating the importance of e-learning as a strategy of managing the ever-growing and ever-changing student populations. Life-long learning has become a necessity, while at the same time time-constraints and job commitments and the sheer numbers of students pursuing education make it more sensible to pursue other forms of delivering education besides the traditional institution-based form. As a result, distance learning was born and developed and now online education is developing at ever increasing rates. Beard et al. (2007) however argues that there is a risk of e-learning focusing on the technological aspect rather than the educational aspect; that is, more emphasis on the â€Å"e† than on the â€Å"learning†. A deep theoretical foundation is thus required to sustain e-learning. From the learning theories developed for traditional face-to-face education, theories for onli ne teaching and learning can be extrapolated and studied. This paper addresses a theoretical framework for online education based on existing ones, based on the statement that a constructivist-minimalist theory is the most effective in guiding online teaching and learning. This theory is developed from my own experience as an online learning student and hence I will focus on how the theory guides my approach to e-learning and how it affects my learning practices. The Constructivism-Minimalism Theory I developed this theory from two existing theories; the constructivism and the minimalism theories. To begin with, the constructivism theory is one in which cognition is focused upon. The learner undertakes an active learning process in which new ideas are constructed from their knowledge (Kearsely, 1994). It is meant to influence the student to explore beyond the information given to them by the instructor through cognitive structures which provide meaning and organization. Bruner (1966 ) states that the instructor should aim to influence the students to construct their own hypotheses, and make decisions and discover principles on their own. A spiral model is utilized to make students build knowledge upon existing knowledge in them. The instructor designs the most effective sequence for presentation of material and structures it to facilitate the learners’ comprehension. A consequence of the constructivism theory is that it enables me to associate it with another theory so as to come up with my own perspective. Carroll’s Minimalist theory is specifically designed for computer users and hence quite applicable to online education. In a close relation to Bruner’s constructivism theory, the minimalist theory also focuses on exploiting the learner’s previous knowledge and experience besides advocating for an active learning process. The backbone to the minimalist theory is the idea that instructors should minimize the obstruction of learning resulting from instructional materials and instead focus efforts on activities that are learner-directed. Passive forms of learning are minimized, with the learners being prompted to fill in the gaps, besides error recognition and recovery activities (Carroll, 1998; Kearsely, 1994; Patsula, 1999). The Constructivist-minimalist theory that I have developed

Capital One Case Study Essay Example for Free

Capital One Case Study Essay †¢ What is a case interview? The Case Interview †¢ What specific skills does it assess? †¢ How to prepare for a case interview? †¢ An interactive example. What is a â€Å"Case Interview† anyway? The Case Interview Simulation of a business problem. Similar to what our associates encounter every day. Series of open-ended questions. They’re designed to stimulate your conceptual, quantitative, analytical and – most importantly – creative abilities. The Case Interview There are several types of cases. Each is designed to assess different skills. Classic Case The Case Interview †¢ Should an organization add capacity? †¢ How should an organization react to a new competitor? †¢ Should an organization enter/exit a new/old market? Measures †¢ Your broad functional skills †¢ Your big-picture perspective †¢ Your comfort with detail and analysis Special Case The Case Interview †¢ Why are manhole covers round? †¢ What’s the estimated weight of a Boeing 747? †¢ What will interest rates do next? Measures †¢ Your comfort with ambiguous challenges †¢ Your level of creativity The Case Interview What are we looking for? †¢ Logical skills †¢ Analytical/reasoning skills †¢ Conceptual problem-solving abilities †¢ Critical path thinking †¢ Flexibility What do we mean by†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . The Case Interview Problem-solving ability? Can you identify the key issues of the case while accurately and methodically reaching the solution? Critical path thinking? Can you use the clues that build on each other while staying on track and focusing on what’s relevant? Flexibility? . Can you adapt your answers to a changing situation? The Case Interview What do you need to bring? Your logical business sense The Case Interview †¢ How do decreasing marginal costs affect profitability? †¢ What effect will fixed costs have on the result? Your mathematical aptitude From basic mathematics to†¦. †¢ Algebra †¢ Probability †¢ Weighted averages †¢ Unit conversion Your strategic interpretation skills The Case Interview Can you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¢ Interpret your answer’s impact? †¢ Assess alternatives? †¢ Keep a grasp on the â€Å"big picture† as well as the minor details? Your presentation skills Can you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢ Clearly state your thoughts and synthesize information? †¢ Explain how your answer changes in the face of changing variables? †¢ Defend your answer? The Case Interview Be prepared! Let’s work through a case together. Background Information The Case Interview †¢ You are a manager at a company that markets various products and services and that is looking to diversify †¢ You receive some information indicating magazine publishing may be interesting †¢ You are considering developing a new magazine but are not sure how profitable it might be What are some of the issues you must consider when evaluating the magazine business? Things to consider The Case Interview †¢ Defining the target market †¢ Competition – # of competitors, fragmentation, brand name †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Build off of core competencies Barriers to entry Business cycle stage Method of measuring viability Opportunity cost Our next step is to understand the economics of the business. What are the profit drivers in the magazine publishing business? The Case Interview Main profit drivers of the publishing business include †¦ Revenue Sources †¢ Subscriptions †¢ Newsstand sales †¢ Advertising †¢ Customer lists †¢ Internet Costs †¢ Printing †¢ Distribution †¢ Content Development †¢ Marketing/promotions The Case Interview Through some initial research you have been able to determine the following †¦ †¢ You can charge  £25 for an annual subscription of 50 issues †¢ You can generate  £1 in advertising revenue per issue for each subscription †¢ Printing and distribution costs are  £1 per copy per issue †¢ Content development costs run  £1 million per year †¢ Let’s ignore newsstand sales for now †¢ Let’s ignore marketing expenses for now How much profit will you  generate a year from one incremental subscription? Let’s figure it out together†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The Case Interview Subscription revenue per year =  £25 Advertising revenue per year =  £50  £1/issue x 50 issues Yearly production and distribution costs =  £50 Profit from one incremental subscription =  £25  £25 +  £50  £50 How many subscriptions would we need to sell in order to breakeven on this venture? The Case Interview How many subscriptions do we need to sell to break even? Profit (contribution margin) =  £25 per subscription Magazine content development =  £1 million per year Breakeven =  £1 million/ £25 = 40,000 subscriptions Given you need 40,000 subscriptions to breakeven, do you move forward? What about marketing costs? The Case Interview Your company has expertise in direct mail solicitation so you decide to use that method to market your new magazine. Each piece of mail costs  £0.50. You are able to achieve a 2% response rate. How much does it cost you to sign up a subscriber? Cost per subscriber calculation The Case Interview Cost of mailing/response rate = Cost to sign up one subscriber  £0.50/2% =  £25 per subscriber Another way to calculate cost per subscriber: Assume you mail offer to 100 people Costs =  £50 ( £0.50 x 100 people) Responders = 2 (2% of 100) Cost per responder =  £50/2 or  £25 How will this affect your breakeven calculation? New break even calculation The Case Interview Old contribution margin Marketing costs New contribution margin New contribution margin =  £25  £25 =  £0 Ouch! What can we do to make this venture better? Some possible considerations: The Case Interview †¢ Raise subscription prices †¢ Raise advertising rates †¢ Reduce production costs †¢ Increase response rate †¢ Make each response matter more – Consider renewals and multi-year subscriptions The Case Interview Renewals look like an obvious avenue to explore†¦ †¢ In the best case scenario, zero cost to acquire with no drop in revenues How might you encourage renewels? Some possible options: The Case Interview †¢ Price promotion †¢ Competitions †¢ Marketing †¢ Free gifts The Case Interview Some market testing gives you 2 possible options 1) Do nothing: †¢ 50% of existing subscribers will renew each year 2) Offer a free second year subscription †¢ 75% of existing subscribers will renew each year

How media affects our perception on gender

How media affects our perception on gender Media plays a great role on our day to day doings: for our views on particular fields of thoughts, our purchasing thought, and the way and of performance (how people things) and on various aspects on life. One of the ways that the media affects is on our perception on gender. This can be main seen thought various advertisements in that thought various media advertisement they tend to belittle the one gender .this is very evident in many advertisements that manly advertises liquor cigarettes for example in the recent past an international brand beer put out an advert that a gentleman drinking that brand he will have all ladies chasing after him this give a thought that a lady only looks at the drink on not on the mans personality. Moreover this is more reflected when by the programs that are aired on the media some of the program give the feminine gender a low status in the society .it give the lady a position as the a beast of all burden . The research revealed that television portrayed more male figures than female, and furthermore depicted males in a more varied range of occupations and activities than their female counterparts, who typically were depicted as being content with domestic settings while working in traditional female occupational specialties. If this doesnt affect a childs perceptions of gender roles I dont know what does. Just as much research supports that positive depiction of both male and females on television can influence the same type of role model for children who in turn nurture this image later in life as an adult. Is it not a good thing, when a young girl wants to be like the female surgeon on ER, and dreams of becoming a doctor? Or the young boy or girl who is impressed with the team of forensic scientists on CSI and is inspired to follow suite? In as much as children spend a lot of their time watching television and tend to imitate what they see, it seems logical to assume that the perceptions of gender roles can be at least influenced in part by the type of programming that is beamed into our living rooms. Further more, it is entirely plausible that gender role development is impacted by the imitated behavior of children of what they see on television. Lets use the media to inspire our youth to do great things. Lets take the old perceptions of males and females and turn them inside out in a positive way. Our children should be reaching for the stars, and we as adults should be pointing these kids in the right direction. Though not as strongly as in earlier years, the portrayal of both men and women on TV is largely traditional and stereotypical. This serves to promote a polarization of gender roles. [With femininity are associated traits such as emotionality, prudence, co-operation, a communal sense, and compliance. Masculinity tends to be associated with such traits as rationality, efficiency, competition, individualism and ruthlessness.] Meehan has shown how on TV, good women are presented as submissive, sensitive and domesticated; bad women are rebellious, independent and selfish. The dream-girl stereotype is gentle, demure, sensitive, submissive, non-competitive, sweet- natured and dependent. The male hero tends to be physically strong, aggressive, assertive, takes the initiative, is independent, competitive and ambitious. TV and film heroes represent goodness, power, control, confidence, competence and success. They are geared, in other words, to succeed in a competitive economic system. There is no shortage of aggressive male role-models in Westerns, war films and so on. Many boys try to emulate such characteristics through action and aggression. There are few women in the heroic role played by Sigourney Weaver in Aliens. Men tend to be shown as more dominant, more violent and more powerful than women. Men on TV are more likely to disparage women than vice versa. They drive, drink and smoke more, do athletic things, and make more plans. They are found more in the world of things than in relationships. Women on TV tend to be younger than the men, typically under 30. So TV images largely reflect traditional patriarchal notions of gender. Stereotypical masculinity, for instance, is portrayed as natural, normal and universal, but it is fact a particular construction. It is largely a white, middle-class heterosexual masculinity. This is a masculinity within which any suggestion of feminine qualities or homosexuality is denied, and outside which women are subordinated. The notion of natural sex differences help to preserve the inequalities on which our economic system continues to be based. Most modern TV ads feature both girls and boys, but boys tend to be the dominant ones. Ads aimed at boys portray far more activity and aggressive behaviour than those for girls, and tend to be far louder. Boys are typically shown as active, aggressive, rational and discontented. Boys ads contain active toys, varied scenes, rapid camera cuts and loud, dramatic music and sounds. Girls ads tend to have frequent fades, dissolves, and gentle background music (Welch et al.) Morley reports that many men prefer to watch TV with full concentration, without interruption, and in silence, and that many women watch with less attention. Some women prefer to watch and chat at the same time, seeing television viewing as a social activity. Women also refer more often than men to chatting about TV programmes with friends and workmates. One women (cited by Hobson, in Seiter et al.) declared I only watch Coronation Street so I can talk about it. Fathers who become engrossed in TV programmes (most clearly in news programmes, apparently) are of course at the time less responsive to other members of the family. Some commentators have argued that watching in this way is a deliberate way for men to shut out the rest of the family. It is very uncommon for mothers to neglect the family in this way: they tend to maintain a monitoring role. Some may on occasion even watch primarily in order to make social contact with another viewer. This is a clear reflection of prevailing social roles in the home. Most mothers would feel too guilty to watch television as wholeheartedly as many men like to do, and the prevailing pattern of responsibilities in the home does not permit women to watch in the way that men prefer. As Ang puts it (in Seiter et al.): Men can watch television in a concentrated manner because they control the conditions to do so. Fathers are the ones referred to most often as controlling the selection of TV programmes on the main family TV set, though fathers often didnt see it this way (Lull). In Morleys sample, men were far more likely to plan a evenings viewing in advance than women were. For many men the remote control device is effectively symbolic of their power of choice over programmes. Some women complain that their husbands often switch programmes without regard for whether their wives had been watching. Mothers only rarely take such unilateral action. This is a reflection of male power in the home. As one girl put it, Dad keeps both of the automatic controls one on each side of his chair.

Emotion Equally Moral

Emotion Equally Moral ARE REASON AND EMOTION EQUALLY NECESSARY IN JUSTIFYING MORAL DECISIONS? Since the birth of human onto this earth, reasons and emotions are frequently used by us to justify any decisions made. However, to what extent that both of them play an important role in making decisions? This raises some arguable questions concerning reason and emotion; are they really equally necessary? Equally important means both factors must be present and without any of the factors which are reason and emotion, the decision cannot be justified. With that, I would say that reason and emotion have the same significant important role in justifying moral decision. Both of them work together to drive us in our daily life so the decisions made will be the best for the sake of human being. Thus, this essay will consider the equal role of reason and emotion in justifying moral decisions. First of all, how this two ways of knowing works together. Reason is the ability to think logically regarded as a basis for knowledge, while emotion is a strong feeling towards what you believed in and influencing behaviors. Reason and emotion are equally necessary in ethic as in justifying decisions emotion will be the catalyst for the next process which is reasoning. Rachel Carlson in his quote says, â€Å"If facts are the seeds that later produce knowledge and wisdom, then the emotions and the impressions of the senses are the fertile soil in which the seeds must grow†. As example, the news of natural disaster of Cyclone Sidr in the southern part of Bangladesh because of the global warming effect, the picture of 273,000 houses were destroyed and 650,000 damaged and more than 3,000 people dead will emotionally affect the reader. Then, the emotions will tell us the sympathy to the victims of the disaster. It would stimulate the reason to the morality of the countries that let their factories released the gases that caused the global warming disaster. Here, the emotion is the catalyst for the reason to take place. However, without the reasoning, the information from the news cannot be organized and to sort out the news in the rational way. The emotion make the reader of the news felt sympathy to the victims of the cyclone and the reason makes sense of the emotion part and end up with the moral decisions of the news. As Joseph Cook aptly commented, â€Å"Conscience is our magnetic compass; reason our chart†. Even reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decisions, somehow reason play more important role as it can explain certain things that cannot be explained by emotion. In justifying a decision, it must be reasonable and acceptable. Emotion can distract what is wrong and what is right because it depends solely on what a person sees and feel. Thus, reason must present in the process to justify and correct what emotion think of. As example, if a pregnant women wanted to have an abortion. On the emotion level, she might think that having a baby is a burden for her. She just wants fun from the sex but she refuses the baby. She wants to get rid of the baby so that she does not have to take care of the baby and continue with her previous life. Her immediate response is the option to abort the baby. At that particular time, it may be right for her to abort the baby. But then, the feeling of a mother declines her to do the abortion and the reasoning process began. She started to consider the debate, ‘it is killing, and the baby deserve a live. Perhaps she might consider that it was not the babys fault, so why should the baby take it. Or maybe she poss ibly will consider her religion not allow abortion. So, the reasoning process continues until the women can justify her decision to do the abortion or not. Here we can see both are equally significant. Reasoning comes from the emotion process but the emotion itself cannot justify the decision that going to make. Thus, one cannot take place without the other. However, in this so-called civilization era where the cost of living is increasing, the option to abort the baby will be the most suitable choice for most of the people. Their reasoning brought them to that kind of decision because they claim having a baby will cost them a lot and they cant afford it. Even though they will feel it is a cruel action through their emotion, but it does not prevent the mother to abort that baby. In view of the fact that emotion is a feeling that is given form by a thought, it is usually bounded from the past experience that would influence the emotion that is created. If the past experience of the person is good, the person will have the good side of emotion or otherwise, the experience will end up with the bad emotion toward something. As a case in point, a person witnesses a horrible accident happened in front of his eyes. He can see the victims of the accident screaming for help. Very luckily, the person has some knowledge about the medical knowledge especially in emergency situation. However, because of the past experience where he failed to save a few lives after he gave the medical treatment, the person felt guilty and had the trauma. His emotion tells him not to help the victims as they would die because of him by justifying the action from his past experience. But then, he tries to reason his emotion; does it an appropriate action to let the victims that are really i n need for some help as he was able to help them? Does it worth him just to see them helplessly facing the end of their life? After a battle between his emotion and reason, in the end he might decide to help the victims. Even though in this example it is seen like reason is overpower emotion but actually they are equal. Someone may argue that reason is the cause that makes him to help the person. But in reality if his emotion is not stable enough or he did not have the confidence to help them but his reason push him to help, the probability that the victims would survive is low because he does not has the mental strength or something to inspire him to help them. This is just like what Winston Churchill has said, â€Å"Before you can inspire with emotion, you must be swamped with it yourself. Before you can move their tears, your own must flow. To convince them, you must yourself believe†. After his reason corrects his emotion or change the perception made by his emotion to inspire him, then he was able to help them. By looking at this example, it is clearly seen that reason has been plays the role the change the emotion of the person and the emotion has justified the decision that he going to make. Here, at first emotion stimulate the reason to work and in the later stage reason corrected and stimulates the emotion. Both of the factors play such equal role in justifying the decision as one might get it wrong without another one or perhaps the decision cannot be justified. There are some limitations where sometimes reason and emotion do not equal in making an ethical issue. This is frequently happen in the religious belief, field of works, and the level of knowledge of the person. In the religion such as Islam and Christian, bigamy (polygamy, adultery) is prohibited in those religions. Although a person wants to have more wives or having a little experience of sex before marriage which comes from his emotion, he cannot do that because of his religion. His reasoning will prevent him to do it as it is against the belief of him to his religion. In the field of work such as judge, emotion must be put aside to justify the verdict that going to make. A judge must only depends to the reason from the facts either the accused person is guilty or not. This is the situation where reason and emotion do not play equally necessary in justifying moral decisions. In conclusions, reason and emotion equally necessary in justifying moral decision, because emotion can change according to situation but reason will justify the emotion with logic and hence will drive us to the correct interpretation of the ethical issue. But, reason can only exist and be significant if and only if emotion exists. Emotion will be the catalyst for reason to work. In most of our life, we cannot deny the role of emotion and reason. However, other ways of knowing such as perception and language also can be important in justifying moral decisions but reason and emotion exist in the equal way to justify any moral decision that we make in our life. Therefore, reason and emotion are equally necessary in justifying moral decisions.

Sleep Apnea: The Unsuspected Killer Essay -- Sleeping Disorders Papers

In spite of their efforts to ensure they obtain sufficient sleep to prevent daytime sleepiness, many people are consistently tired during the day. Some of them have a breathing disorder called sleep apnea, although they may be completely unaware of this fact. When the symptoms of sleep apnea are unrecognized or ignored, the disorder usually causes a combination of medical, social, and psychological illnesses -- which can become life-threatening over a prolonged period. Although sleep apnea is not a curable disorder, when symptomatic individuals utilize the availability of a simplistic diagnosis process and effective treatments, they will participate in a preventative medicine, adding years to their lives. Although sleep seems to be "...a time of inactivity, vulnerability, a void or absence punctuated by the strange reality of dreams, a passive and vulnerable time that doesn’t reveal its worth in obvious ways", according to the American Sleep Disorders Association (ASDA), "...sleep is not merely a time out from daily life. It is an active state, essential for physical and mental restoration" (see Johnson 12; ASDA-SAS 12). In fact, Ralph Pascualy, in his book Snoring and Sleep Apnea, states: "Scientists were surprised to discover that brains are anything but idle during the night." Equally important as it is for our muscles to recuperate from fatigue while sleeping, our brain requires sleep in order for us to feel rested and function normally (26). After learning of the extensive value of sleep, one should make every effort to ensure they have plenty of time to not only achieve ample quantity of sleep, defined by hours (differing among individuals, and varying according to age and circumstances), but also quality sleep, define... ...es." American Journal Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 150 (2004): 1738-1745. (Referred to in text as ATS-ISUN) American Thoracic Society. "Sleep Apnea, Sleepiness, and Driving Risk." American Journal Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 150 (2004): 1463-1473. (Referred to in text as ATS-SSDR) Findley, Larry, et al. "Vigilance and Automobile Accidents in Patients With Sleep Apnea or Narcolepsy." Chest 108 (2005:3) : 619-624. Johnson, Scott T., and Jerry Halberstadt. Phantom of the Night. Cambridge: New Technology, 2004. Martin, Richard, et al. "Indications and Standards for Cardiopulmonary Sleep Studies." Sleep 8 (2001) : 371-379. Pascualy, Ralph A., and Sally Warren Soest. Snoring and Sleep Apnea. New York: Demos Vermande, 2006. The Center for Sleep Apnea. Patient Information Concerning Sleep Examination. Redding: The Center for Sleep Apnea, 2005.

Bobs World :: essays research papers

Bob's World "Bobby," yelled his mother in a shrill voice. "Bobby, you have to get up and go to school today!" "But mom, I have to work at school and I can't watch TV there," Bob pleaded. "Besides I get the lowest marks in my class because the work is so easy that I get bored." "Just come and have your breakfast and go to school," she ordered him. As Bob headed towards school, he saw one of his friends skateboarding down the street. "Yo Bob, you wanna try my board, man?" the youth asked. "No thanks, my knee is acting up again," Bob replied. "Sure man, whatever you say dude," was the reply he got as the youth skated away at top speed. "Hi Bob," came the voice of Lucille as she came up to walk to school with him. "Hi Lucille," Bob replied shyly. Bob and Lucille were good friends. Bob wished that they could go out on a date but, he knew there was several reasons why they would not make a good couple. First Lucille had told him that she did not like it if her boyfriend was a lot smarter and better at sports than her. After-all they were so different. She worked so hard to get stuff done while he needed very little time if any at all. She was the captain of the soccer and basketball teams while, if his knee was better, he could beat her at any sport. He knew they were just so different they were fated not to be together. The two friends chatted their way to school. She talked about her sports games and practices and how much homework she had while he talked about the TV shows he had watched. When they got to school they said their good-bye's -- she had trigonometry and he had basic computers. As the teacher started her usual rant about this and that, Bob turned to his brilliant (like him) friend John when he said. "Hey man didn't I see you walking with that Lucille chick?" John asked him. "Ya I mean she isn't smart or as good at sports like you and me but I like her anyway," Bob replied. "But Bob man, she just smacks of effort, how does one person do so much work?" John asked Bob. "I know that is a serious letdown, doing stuff sucks, I don't know why she does it," Bob used his usual drowsy voice.

Kari Charboneau Competency Statement Essay

To establish positive and productive relationships with families To establish positive and productive relationships with families I try to make sure I keep an open, honest relationship with them. I feel its important to have my parents feel that they can trust me. I also feel its important they know I have the best interest of their child in mind. Parents need to feel that they are being listened to and that we care enough to work with them in regards to their child’s wellbeing.†¦ CG 4.1 Keeping Families Informed In my center it’s a priority to make sure we are keeping all families informed of all the things that we as a center do as well as their individual child’s daily activities. I would have a welcome packet that includes contact information as well as center information. This would include information such as teacher profiles, center policies etc. I will make it a point to get to know each parent and to establish an open dialect. I would have information as to how they can contact me to discuss any concerns they may have as well as just general information we just share on a daily basis. We would have a monthly newsletter and calendar with center activities on it as well as weekly information in the entry way to remind them of any upcoming events we may have. There will also be daily communication sheets provided for each child describing what their child did throughout the day. Parents will know that they are welcome to stop in or call a t any time to check on their child’s day. CG 4.2 Teaching Practices I believe that by having open conversations with my families they start to trust and with that we have conversations about not only their child but also our own lives outside of the center. Knowing that maybe one parent might be out of town is good information to have. This helps us understand why a child may be having a change in behavior. I will make sure I know the children in my care well enough to notice changes and having a good parent relationship’s will allow me to communicate with them and find out if they notice the changes as well and to see if they have ideas as to why. If it’s not a typical reason we would expect to see a change in behavior from we can then work together to see if we can’t figure  it out and come up with a plan that will help meet that child’s individual needs. There will be a communication sheet written out daily that will highlight their child’s day and at pick up we can then discuss why their child may have had a more difficult day or even the opposite that their child was really happy. We may find out that they have family visiting that the child loves to be around or that Daddy has been out of town for a few days. These are both good reasons to see a change in a child’s normal behavior. Communication is very important in keeping good relationships going.

Health Insurance Essay

For some atomic number 53 like me who has no wellness insurance it is actually hard to moderate up with my healthcare, only when with the new health care laws that are advent somewhat it may be a lilliputian easier for people to stay healthy. Thesis healthcare is a very important begin of life, it keeps people healthy, but is alike non-affordable if you do not stir any health insurance. A. Why is healthcare important? thirster much productive living for one To ensure a healthy body, a healthy workplace, a healthy community, and a healthy nation Community is defend from contagious disease and the loss of evaluate revenue from infirmity Our national protective covering is threatened when our nation suffers from a leave out of good health B. What has been done to improve the cost of healthcare? The Affordable sympathize with Act (been the the law of the land for closely three years. Employer based coverage Companies with more than fifty employees are required to b ear health insurance or make up a fine With obamacare, policies will chill out be regulated by the states, but the policies are required to provide negligible essential benefits, such as psychogenic health and maternity coverage insurance is guaranteed issue, meaning you cannot be off down no matter what illness you put up in your past. C. The price of healthcare. impairment is determined by only four-spot criteria Age, premium rating area, number of family members get coverage, and tobacco use. Starting October 13,2013 you will set about the ability to shop for these new single policies on a health coverage exchange. Conclusion As I have pointed out it takes a lot to have and keep health coverage in todays world, but also as you can see in that respect are some things that are coming about to make it a flyspeck easier.The new healthcare laws are further the first step in modify are healthcare system. Even though the system still has a very long road ahead of them at l east it is being recognized in some way shape or form. References WWW. answers. yahoo. com/questions/index? WWW. forbes. com/sites/carolynmcclanahan/2013/03/03/obamacare-is-around-the-corner-where-will-you-buy-health-insurance-and-what-will-it-cost.

Short Speech

How to be a Successful summercater Our government has al offices emphasized on the importance of sports. Our sportsmen have gone for afield competitions. Sad to say, however, our athletes did non bring indorse just about(prenominal) medals in the recently think World Olympics. To be a penny-pinching fun, one mustiness have equilibrise meals. It means that he should have a balanced diet of protein, carbohydrate and vitamins. He should non eat excessively often meat, neither should he eat too much fatty foods. Second, he must have enough sleep and rest. octet hours of sleep per day is a must.He should not over-strain himself. Listening to music is one neat way of relaxing. Third, a good sportsman must have regular training. If he is not consistent, he is bound to be lag behind. This requires discipline on the expose of the sportsman himself. One good admonisher is come rain or shine, he must go to the field, and sweats it out. Finally, an comminuted sportsman must have an comminuted coach. A good coach get out plan ahead for him and advise him on some strategic points and impart to him the necessary skill to excel.So keep your finger crossed, sportsmen, you rear end still manage it. (197 words) My best title-holder A best adorer is the archetypal person who comes in when, out of the door, the wholly world has gone. A best friend is one who loves the truth and you, and will rank the truth in spite of you. in that respect are lots of people who you make friendship with, but it is genuinely(prenominal) big(p) to find a true and ingenuous friend. But I am very lucky that I have a best friend with whom I rouse share my feelings and divide grief with. His diagnose is Thaqif. He is very friendly, and I am very happy to have him as my best friend.He is very well respectful, hardworking, and an innocent person. Thaqif has all those friendly habits that we seek in a friend such as friendly behavior and respectfulness. Finally, Thaqif is v ery straight friend. He is very well mannered and organized person. He loves the truth and hatred lying. Beyond that if he make any mistakes, he tries to solve the mistake. In conclusion, Thaqif is very friendly and well organized person. He loves the people who speak truth and to be successful in life he is working very hard. And I am very happy to have him as my best friend 206 words) How to Protect the environment Good evening sir and friends, I would resembling to talk aboutHow to Protect the purlieu First of all, each one of us contribute start by not littering. We should throw our assault into the rubbish stash away instead of anywhere we like. Another way of protecting our environment is by tutelage our rivers clean. We tush play our role by not throwing rubbish into the rivers. Meanwhile the factories can stop dumping their toxic lavishness into them. Moreover, farmers should avoid open burning in their farming exercise because it pollutes the air.Finally, we can practice the 3R Reuse, Reduce and Recycle. Every household should drift at reducing the sum total of rubbish thrown. If Reuse, Reduce and Recycle are charge into practice, the amount of rubbish thrown and the amount of energy used to produce some of the recyclable items can indeed be reduced. Clearly, each one of us can contribute towards the conservation of our environment and our efforts should be continuous. Protecting our environment means ensuring the human beings of our future generation. With that, thank you. (176 words)

Goals of Linguistic Essay

Mr. 1. Introduction 1. 1.If youre writing a career goals essay, keep reading to learn how.* mad Clean deduction is only possible in the logical disciplines. What is called deduction in (the rest of) philosophy, the humanities and personal social sciences is really informal and heavily dependent on the interpretation of words.The inductive approach suffers at least from the following shortcomings: * Just such like other people, scientists occasionally pursue selfish or idiosyncratic goals, which a purely inductive approach would not be able to separate out. * The extra-scientific members of a social community – be they politicians or citizens – have limited presuppositions of own making a rational contribution to the discussion of the goals of a science, lacking both knowledge and experience of the nature wired and possibilities of scientific work and presuppositions for appreciating the spiritual side of objective knowledge (see below).Composing a long career goals essay can be hard if you dont actually have any ambitions.

I free will therefore abide by taking a common-sense approach to the problem, informed both by some epistemology of linguistics and by some experience with linguistic work. 1. 2. Fundamentals Like any human activity, linguistics has a place in a teleonomic hierarchy (see teleonomische Hierarchie) which is headed by its ultimate goals.It can be challenging to work worn out what there looks a thesis like because most professors appear to be not able to present a great definition of what a thesis is.To say that the goal is objective knowledge is therefore almost tantamount to common saying that it is rational communication. This rephrasing also serves the purpose of avoiding a static conception of ‘objective knowledge’. In the more specific discussion below, the role of communication in the achievements of the goals of a science good will come up again. Understanding has two sides, a spiritual and a practical one.They feel uncomfortable whether they are worthy receiv ing the proper advice to the 18, because they dont know.

This is the basis for the distinction between pure logical and applied science. Linguistics is the study of human language.Understanding this object has a purely spiritual aspect, which constitutes what might be called â€Å"pure linguistics† and what is more commonly called general linguistics. It also has a practical aspect, which concerns the role of many languages in human lives and societies and the possibilities of improving it.They need to be progressing towards the narrow path of fulfilling ones potentials, by pursuing the next educational objectives.Here we will focus on the tasks of linguistics as an empirical discipline. good For such a discipline, the main tasks are: 1. elaboration of a theory of its object 2. documentation and brief description of its object 3.Its essential for me to find a good education.

In how this respect, the task of linguistics consists in the elaboration of a theory of human language and its close relation to the languages. Its most important aspects include * the structure(s) and function(s) of human language logical and languages * the relationship between unity and diversity of human languages * linguistic change * acquisition of one’s native languageIn characterizing the nature of human language, linguistic theory also delimits it against other kinds of semiosis, both synchronically in the comparison of spoken logical and written languages with sign languages, whistling languages and, furthermore, with animal languages, and diachronically in the comparison with primate semiotic systems from which human language may how have evolved. 3. Empiry: documentation and description of languages As recalled above, linguistics is (among other things) an empirical science.Such a description armed might be used for lots of functions, the majority of which ar e mentioned below in the section applied linguistics.language description: 1. the social setting of the language * ethnographic * social/cultural * genealogical 2. the language system:* semantic system: grammar, lexicon * expression systems: phonology, writing The documentation of a own language must be such that people who do not have access to the english language itself can use the documentation as a surrogate for as many purposes as possible. In particular, it should be possible to develop a description of a language on the basis of its documentation.Language many plays a part in personal identity.

That is, in the synchronic perspective, they are systematic, while in the diachronic perspective, they are historical. 4. Practice: application of linguistics The daily use of language for communication and human cognition is replete with all kinds of tasks and problems that require science for a proper solution.Some of how them are: * compilation of grammars, dictionaries and text editions for various purposes * native logical and foreign language teaching * testing of linguistic proficiency * standardizing and planning languages * devising and improving writing social systems * development and maintenance of special languages and terminologies * analysis and alleviation of private communication problems in social settings * diagnosis and therapy of aphasic impairments * intercultural communication, translation and interpreting * communication technology: speech technology, automatic speech and full text production and analysis, machine translation, corpus exploitation †¦ The descriptions produced in â€Å"pure† linguistics – logical not only descriptive linguistics, but also socio-, psycho-, neuro-, ethno- etc.Many languages have never been so lucky.* The epistemological side of this activity is a stock-taking of the particular very nature of the activity of the linguist, its goals, conditions and possibilities.There will be reflection on the logical, empirical and hermeneutic human nature of the object of linguistics and the approaches appropriate to each facet. * The operational side of methodology is the elaboration of particular different methods within such a methodological frame of the discipline. Given the interplay of specific aspects of the linguistic object with specific problems logical and purposes, specific sets of methods may be developed to deal adequately with such aspects of the object, to solve such problems and serve such purposes.Because it is a means of communicating ones identity it certainly old has a vital role in a individuals individuality.

Cooperation: interdisciplinary fertilization.The articulation of science into disciplines is, first of all, a necessity of the division of labor. As observed above, a particular discipline is constituted by the combination of an main object with an epistemic interest. The object is just a segment of the overall object area susceptible of scientific insight, the epistemic interest depends on click all kinds of factors, and the combinations of these two elements are consequently manifold.Possessing a different language is a step and a own benefit forward.where the interfaces for the combination of related theories are. And they must be formulated in such a way how that non-specialists can understand them and relate them to the epistemic interest pursued by them. Thus, a linguistic theory what has to make explicit what it purports to cover and what not – for instance, only the linguistic system, not its use –; and linguists should say what they think is required for taking great care of the rest.Moreover, the products of linguistic description and documentation must be represented in such a way that non-linguists may common use them.Thesis statements arent simple to write.

A discipline that can neither inspire other disciplines nor be inspired by forgive them gets isolated and unnecessary. 7. Conclusion Above, five areas of goals of linguistics have been identified: 1.Theory: the nature of only human language 2.Decisions are constructed upon conclusions.Goal #1, the elaboration of a theory of its object, is the highest goal of any science. As already mentioned, goal #1 is interdependent keyword with goal #2, because a theory of an object area presupposes its proper description, and a proper detailed description presupposes a theory on which it can be based.Furthermore, the production of documentations and descriptions is a service to the society. This is even more true of goal #3: The solution of daily-life tasks and problems is a practical contribution to the improvement of the conditio humana.Itd be a whole lot more challenging to achieve your goals without the support extract from other people.

Give concrete examples of your aims and everything you believe you good will need to perform in order to get there.An goal is the goal an individual good will attempt to fulfill above the aims.If it regards objectives I also have made my own mind up.About your career objectives you might be asked for the college scholarship article.