Evaluate the fairness of the regime of 'commercial opportunities' and Essay

Evaluate the fairness of the regime of 'commercial opportunities' and 'fair competition' expressed in the bilateral 'o - Essay Example After the 1970s, there was perceived large-scale liberalisation in the air trade based on bilateral or multilateral intra regional treaties. Within the next few decades US has signed a large number of â€Å"open skies† treaties with its trade partners for a better economic integration. Various studies have revealed that the economic conditions and the process of development within the African continent does not hamper with the formation of a uniform field for the complete liberalization of the aviation market, and experts contend that the overall African business conditions will show an increased if the liberal policies are indeed embraced. The Yamoussoukro Decision, which reflects the African process of aviation liberalization, has not achieved much success, owing to a lack of the political will to make the provisions enforceable. in this context the various â€Å"open skies† treaties signed with US needs to be examined in order to ascertain whether they will be succes sful with the African context and whether they spell out fairness in ‘commercial opportunities’ and ‘fair competition’ in the air trade relations between the United States and African countries Fairness of the regime of ‘commercial opportunities’ and ‘fair competition’ expressed in the bilateral ‘open skies’ agreements between the United States and African countries 1 Introduction The development of an efficient and a competent aviation sector is necessary for a rapid economic progress and global integration of the African countries. The land-based infrastructure (the railroad) that exists in Africa was primarily for facilitating the extraction of the continent’s rich raw material deposits, while the road network is completely in shambles and without any signs of further development or renovation, thus rendering them useless to the intra-African trade or passenger travel.1 Taking note of the present poor conditi ons of the African infrastructure, they further added that such dismal conditions largely display the â€Å"geographical realities† in Africa, while â€Å"international competitiveness† makes it necessary to have a set of effective institutions that would help to link the national economy globally.2 There is little doubt that under such poor rail and road connectivity the aviation sector in Africa has great potential for setting Africa free in the global market; however, it is imperative that a better infrastructure is provided for the air transport to effectively perform their role. A large number of regulations (domestic and international) rule the global aviation sector, which place severe limitations of the airline activities. The monitoring body is the Montreal (Canada) based The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) that ensures the compliancy of all global air activities with the existent Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs). The regulation of economic advantages in global air transport is primarily monopolized by the norms of bilateral

What was the Social Cost of Industrialization in Great Britain Essay

What was the Social Cost of Industrialization in Great Britain - Essay Example The coming together of England and Scotland brought about the much needed peace and stability; thus, there were no barriers between them. This meant that the trade could occur between the two. Then there was the law that dictated the terms about the respect of contracts, which meant that any contracts that were made had to be respected and followed by the parties that made them. In addition, a legal system allowed co-operations or companies to have joint stock. This system fuelled the industrialization since there was the ability to have stock in different companies or organizations such as co-operations and even the merging of some1. Then there was capitalism; which was the availability of a free market that enabled entrepreneurs to be economically and socially capable of running their own businesses. These key factors enabled the industrial revolution in Great Britain2. The social cost of industrialization in Great Britain affected the lives of people, from the urbanization process, housing, standards of living, increase in population, jobs, labor, and creation of new ideas and inventions. Middle-class people came to rise, whereas ordinary people who barely earned a living now had to deal with the increased levels of opportunities for employment when the new factories and other employment opportunities popped up. However, even though there were jobs, these people had to bear the cost of that easy-come job. They had to endure long working hours and strict working conditions3. This was because the revolution had just started, and this forced them to maintain the hard work. Little earnings followed these harsh working conditions. Those who worked the longest hours were the people who worked in the steel industry. These little earnings did not help, as the little earnings did not provide a decent life, one that required looking decent, eating decent and proper shelter. Even though these